If you believe statistics, then Russian banks are in the amount of more than a thousand units, and are financial institutions of various types. For example, a list of Izhevsk banks, a relatively small city, now has several dozen existing organizations.
By the nature of the interaction of institutions, the credit and financial structure of the Russian Federation is a market. This means that in Russia no company has a monopoly on banking, and all existing subjects of the market financial system function on equalized competitive conditions.
According to the degree of management, in Russia there is a central bank created on the basis of the state form of ownership, and a certain number of commercial companies that differ among themselves as an organizational form. The Central Bank does not interfere in the commercial activities of existing institutions, but only performs control and regulatory functions in relation to them.
By the nature of the activity, all credit and financial institutions are divided into the following types: the Central Bank of Russia was created to maintain the stability of the monetary system in the state, as well as to perform a number of other tasks. Commercial organizations operate as universal financial institutions that carry out a wide range of financial transactions for individuals and legal entities that differ from each other in the specifics and a set of banking products. Of course, the main motive for the functioning of commercial credit and financial organizations is profit.
Similarly, banks are classified by the form of ownership. The Central Bank of the Russian Federation functions on the basis of the state form of ownership. Commercial structures are created on the basis of private, joint -stock, share, collective, mixed form of ownership. The formation of authorized capital of national banks with the involvement of foreign investment is also often practiced.
Depending on the method of forming the authorized capital, credit and financial organizations operate as: open joint-stock companies, joint-stock companies of closed type and share companies. The most common type of organizational form of banks is an open -type joint -stock company. Share banking institutions remained a minimum number.
And finally, banking structures are divided into two main “ideal types”, which were formed during the active development of the Russian banking system: “enterprises” “intermediaries”.
Banks of “enterprises” are financial institutions created by certain business entities, most often production enterprises for their direct maintenance, as well as compensation for high economic risks of these structures. Expressed more accessible, these are “your” companies focused on certain corporate clients.
Banks-“intermediaries” are the most common type of financial institutions, as they are created to serve a wider circle of customers, and their activities are aimed at receiving income from all possible sources. The names of these companies are familiar to everyone, for example, take at least the Alpha Bank known to everyone. It is these institutions that are aimed at providing a universal set of products to a wide range of customers, they are aimed at profitability and payback, and their intermediary financial transactions are aimed exclusively at profit extraction.